![]() If a process starts up, running in user space, it can access a small portion of kernel space via a set of system calls. Software running in user space has access to a certain portion of the memory that is allocated at the time the process is created. The kernel executes in the memory area referred to as kernel space, where it executes the various services that it provides, whereas user space is that portion of memory where everything that doesn't operate in kernel mode runs. Memory is divided into two spaces, known as kernel space and user space, sometimes referred to as kernel and user mode. Signals and pipes are two of them but Linux also supports the System V IPC mechanisms named after the Unix TM release in which they first appeared. Linux supports a number of Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms. Processes communicate with each other and with the kernel to coordinate their activities. The network subsystem abstracts both of these implementation details so that user processes and other kernel subsystems can access the network without necessarily knowing what physical devices or protocol is being used. There are a number of possible hardware devices that are supported, and a number of network protocols that can be used. This allows Linux systems to connect to other systems over a network. This subsystem is responsible for providing a unified interface to access stored data across different filesystems and physical storage media. The MMU does more than just simply provide separate virtual address spaces for each of the processes. This kernel sub-unit is responsible for proper distribution of the memory resources among the various processes running on the system. ![]() This kernel subsystem is responsible for fairly distributing the CPU time among all the processes running on the system simultaneously. The basic functioning of each of the first three subsystems is elaborated below: The Core Subsystems of the Linux Kernel are as follows:įor the purpose of this article we will only be focusing on the first three important subsystems of the Linux Kernel. ![]()
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